Iron

Iron: What is it? Why does your baby need it? How does it impact Sleep?

What is Iron?

Iron is a mineral which is essential for the growth and development of the human body. 

What are the key functions of iron?

• Helps oxygenate the blood by facilitating oxygen transport by haemoglobin, and oxygen storage by myoglobin

• Converts blood sugar to energy

• Boots the immune system

• Aids cognitive function

• Supports healthy skin, hair and nails

What is the difference between heme and non-heme Iron?

Iron in food comes in two forms: heme and non-heme. 

Animal sources of iron, like beef, chicken, and fish contain heme iron. Whereas plant based sources like legumes, kidney beans, and raisins, contain non-heme iron. This matters because heme iron is about two to three times better absorbed than non-heme iron. 

How does iron deficiency impact sleep?

Iron deficiency is the single most common nutrient deficiency and studies suggest that babies who are deficient may have long lasting changes in their sleep patterns, as well as interfering with optimal brain function during sleep and wakefulness. Infants are at particular risk due to rapid growth and limited dietary sources of iron. 

Infants with low iron levels commonly experience the following:

• Have a hard time falling asleep

• Resist bedtime

• Frequently wake during the night

• Experience restless legs/lots of movement during sleep

Iron deficiency doesn’t only impact night sleep, but also daytime behaviour. Symptoms may include hyperactivity, restlessness and inattention.  

How much iron does my child need?

For the first six months of their life, babies use a combination of iron stored in their bodies from when they were in the womb. As they grow, these iron stores diminish hence why around six months is the ideal time to start solids.

Note: Formula-fed babies are at lower risk of iron deficiency as most formulas are iron-fortified (have additional iron added).

When your baby starts solids, focus on iron-rich foods to best support their sleep (examples include iron-fortified cereal, meats, beans and lentils). For my guide on Why, When and How to start solids, click here.